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Joule effect and Joule's law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in literature as the "Joule effect" or "Joule law" These physical effects include: * Joule's first law (Joule heating), a physical law expressing the relationship between the heat generated and current flowing through a conductor. * Joule's second law states that the internal energy of an ideal gas is independent of its volume and pressure, depending only on its temperature. * Magnetostriction, a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. * The Joule–Thomson effect (during Joule expansion), the temperature change of a gas (usually cooling) when it is allowed to expand freely. * The Gough–Joule effect or the Gow–Joule effect, which is the tendency of elastomers to contract if heated while they are under tension. ==Joule's first law== Between the years 1840 and 1843 Joule made a careful study of the heat produced by an electric current. From this study, he developed Joule's laws of heating, the first of which is commonly referred to as the ''Joule effect''. Joule's first law expresses the relationship between heat generated in a conductor and current flow, resistance, and time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joule effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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